Explained: The Difference Between 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz in Wi-Fi

1. 2.4 GHz Band:
• Frequency Range: The 2.4 GHz band operates in the frequency range of 2.4000 GHz to 2.4835 GHz.
• Channels: It consists of 14 channels, with each channel having a bandwidth of 20 MHz. However, in many countries, only channels 1 to 11 are used due to regulatory restrictions.
• Technical Aspects: The 2.4 GHz band uses a larger wavelength, which allows it to have better penetration through physical obstacles like walls and furniture. However, it is more susceptible to interference from various devices operating in the same frequency range, such as microwave ovens, cordless phones, and Bluetooth devices.
• Data Transfer Rates: The maximum theoretical data transfer rates in the 2.4 GHz band are typically lower compared to the 5 GHz band. Common Wi-Fi standards used in this band include 802.11b, 802.11g, and 802.11n.
2. 5 GHz Band:
• Frequency Range: The 5 GHz band operates in the frequency range of 5.150 GHz to 5.825 GHz.
• Channels: It offers a larger number of channels compared to the 2.4 GHz band, providing more flexibility and reduced interference. The channels in the 5 GHz band are typically 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz wide, depending on the Wi-Fi standard being used.
• Technical Aspects: The 5 GHz band uses a shorter wavelength, which results in shorter range compared to the 2.4 GHz band. However, it is less crowded and less susceptible to interference from other devices, offering higher speeds and better performance in environments with multiple Wi-Fi networks.
• Data Transfer Rates: The 5 GHz band supports higher data transfer rates due to wider channels and less interference. Wi-Fi standards commonly used in this band include 802.11a, 802.11n, 802.11ac, and 802.11ax (also known as Wi-Fi 6).